| 1 | Iron and Low-Alloy Steel Powder | Water atomization; gas atomization for higher sphericity | 20–300 μm | Irregular to semi-spherical | High availability, good compressibility, and suitable sintering behavior | Powder metallurgy structural parts, oil-impregnated bearings, friction components, and welding consumables | ISO 5755; ASTM B212; ASTM B213 |
| 2 | Stainless Steel Powder | Gas atomization or water atomization | 15–250 μm | Mostly spherical with gas atomization | Corrosion resistance, controlled oxygen content, and good flowability when spherical | Metal injection molding, additive manufacturing, filters, medical components, and corrosion-resistant parts | ASTM F3049; ISO 13320; ISO 4490 |
| 3 | Aluminum Alloy Powder | Inert-gas atomization | 15–150 μm | Spherical to near-spherical | Low density, good thermal conductivity, and strong sensitivity to oxidation | Selective laser melting, cold spray, thermal spray, automotive components, and lightweight structures | ASTM F3318; ISO 13320; ISO 4490 |
| 4 | Copper and Copper Alloy Powder | Water atomization or inert-gas atomization | 20–250 μm | Irregular to spherical | Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity with good brazing and sintering performance | Electrical contacts, heat exchangers, friction materials, brazing products, and conductive components | ASTM B212; ASTM B213; ISO 4490 |
| 5 | Nickel-Based Alloy Powder | Vacuum induction melting followed by gas atomization | 15–150 μm | Highly spherical and flowable | High-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance | Gas turbine parts, aerospace components, additive manufacturing, thermal spray, and chemical-processing equipment | ASTM F3055; ASTM F3302; ISO 13320 |
| 6 | Titanium and Titanium Alloy Powder | Plasma atomization or inert-gas atomization | 15–106 μm | Highly spherical with low satellite content | High strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatibility, and strong oxygen-control requirements | Orthopedic implants, aerospace structures, dental parts, and additive manufacturing | ASTM F2924; ASTM F3001; ISO 13320 |
| 7 | Cobalt-Based Alloy Powder | Gas atomization or plasma atomization | 15–125 μm | Spherical to near-spherical | Wear resistance, high-temperature performance, and corrosion resistance | Dental frameworks, orthopedic components, hardfacing, cutting tools, and turbine-related parts | ASTM F75; ASTM F3001; ISO 13320 |
| 8 | Tool Steel Powder | High-pressure inert-gas atomization | 15–150 μm | Spherical for additive manufacturing grades | High hardness, wear resistance, and dimensional stability after heat treatment | Injection-molding inserts, dies, cutting tools, hot-work tooling, and repair cladding | ASTM A681; ASTM F3302; ISO 13320 |
| 9 | Bronze and Brass Powder | Water atomization or gas atomization | 20–250 μm | Irregular, dendritic, or spherical | Good wear resistance, machinability, conductivity, and compatibility with self-lubricating systems | Bearings, bushings, friction materials, decorative parts, brazing products, and conductive components | ASTM B212; ASTM B213; ISO 4490 |
| 10 | Cobalt-Chromium and Nickel-Chromium Superalloy Powder | Vacuum or inert-gas atomization | 15–106 μm | Spherical with controlled fine-particle fraction | Excellent resistance to heat, oxidation, corrosion, and cyclic mechanical loads | 航空发动机 components, energy equipment, dental restorations, medical devices, and laser-cladding repairs | ASTM F75; ASTM F3055; ASTM F3302 |